Table 5 Summary of in vitro study designs on DS
From: Mechanism-based biomarkers for the quality control of Dangkwisoo-san: a scoping review
Study target | Type of cell | Inducer | Type of extracts | Concentration | Positive control | Biomarker | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anti-inflammation | Raw 264.7 | LPS | Aq | 10, 50*, 100* μg/ml | – | Nrf-2, GCLC, HO-1, NQO-1, ROS, MCP-1*, TNF-α*, IL-6*, NF-kB* | Lyu, J. H., et al. [26] |
Anti-inflammation | Raw 264.7 | LPS | 80% EtOH | 1*, 10*, 100* μg/ml | – | Nitric oxide*, TNF-α*, IL-1β*, IL-6* | Bak, J. W., et al. [48] |
Anti-inflammation | Raw 264.7 | LPS | MetOH, Aq | wDS, mDS 10, 50*, 100 μg/ml | – | IκBα*, TNF-α*, IL-1β*, Nrf2*, GCLC, HO-1, NQO-1 | Ryu, J. H. et al., [54] |
Anti-inflammation | Raw 264.7 | LPS | Aq | 10, 50*, 100 μg/ml | – | Nrf2*, NF- kB* | Kim, K. H., et al. [64] |
Anti-inflammation | Raw 264.7 | LPS | Aq | DS-DE/DS-MEP 50*, 100*, 200* μg/ml | Dexamethasone (20 μM) | Nitric oxide*, PGE2*, IL-1β*, IL-6*, TNF-α*, iNOS*, COX-2* | Jeon, Y. H. et al. [55] |
Anti-inflammation Antioxidative activity | Raw 264.7 | LPS | Aq | 10, 20, 50, 100*, 200 μg/ml | – | Nitric oxide, PGE2, IL-1β*, IL-6*, TNF-α*, DPPH | Jo, N. Y. [56] |
Anti-inflammation Bone regeneration | MG63 Raw 264.7 | LPS | Aq | MG63: 125*, 500*, 1000* μg/ml RAW264.7: 100, 250*, 500* μg/ml | - Calcitriol (MG63) Cyclosporin A (RAW264.7) | Osteocalcin, Runx 2, TNF-α* | Jeon, D. H., et al. [46] |
Anticancer activity | AGS | – | Aq | 50, 100, 200*, 300*, 400* μg/ml | – | Caspase 9*, Caspase 3*, P38, JNK, TRPM7 | Hwang, M. W., et al. [28] |
Metabolic syndrome (TRPM7 channel inhibition) | HEK 293 | TRPM7 overexpression | Aq | 100, 300*, 500* μg/ml | – | TRPM7* | Kim, B. J. [57] |
Antimicrobial activity | 10 species of microbe | – | Aq | 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/disc | – | Antimicrobial activity (B. cereus, L. monocytogenes, V. parahaemolyticus) | Lee, N. et al. [58] |
Cerebral ischemic injury (NO-dependent mechanisms) | HBMECs | – | Aq | DS 30* μg/ml | Acetylcholine | Nitric Oxide | Kim, J. H., et al. [25] |
Change in cell membrane potential | Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) | Aq | DS: 1, 10, 30* μg/ml | – | GDP-β-S*, Na+ *, Ca2+ *, 4-DAMP* | Sung, S. K. [59] |