Table 1 Compounds identified in the six investigated essential oils by GC/MS
Compound No | Compound Name | Kovat’s index | Sage | Rosemary | Myrrh | Marjoram | Geranium | Chrysanthemum | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KIr | KIc | ||||||||
I-Monoterpene hydrocarbons | |||||||||
Tricyclene | 921 | 917 | – | 0.25 | – | – | – | – | |
α-Thujene | 924 | 921 | 0.44 | – | – | 1.64 | – | – | |
α-Pinene | 932 | 927 | 4.60 | 21.65 | – | – | 2.07 | 2.77 | |
Camphene | 946 | 944 | 5.35 | 7.06 | – | – | 0.75 | 0.89 | |
Sabinene | 969 | 964 | – | – | – | 5.54 | – | – | |
β-Pinene | 974 | 973 | 3.42 | 3.35 | – | – | 3.73 | – | |
Myrcene | 988 | 988 | 2.90 | 0.92 | – | 2.24 | 19.74 | – | |
α-Phellandrene | 1002 | 1000 | 0.37 | 6.27 | – | 4.37 | 0.20 | – | |
α-Terpinene | 1014 | 1015 | 0.74 | 0.94 | – | 16.62 | – | – | |
O-Cymene | 1022 | 1026 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.93 | |
Limonene | 1024 | 1026 | 0.24 | – | – | – | 42.63 | – | |
β-Phellandrene | 1025 | 1030 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.45 | |
(Z)- β-Ocimene | 1032 | 1034 | – | – | – | 6.18 | – | 0.78 | |
(E)- β-Ocimene | 1044 | 1038 | – | – | – | 0.12 | – | – | |
γ-Terpinene | 1054 | 1054 | 1.79 | 2.75 | – | 26.46 | – | – | |
Terpinolene | 1086 | 1080 | 1.17 | 1.65 | – | 6.43 | – | 0.34 | |
II-Oxygenated monoterpenes | |||||||||
1,8-Cineole | 1026 | 1031 | 8.02 | 8.88 | – | – | – | 0.8 | |
cis- Sabinene hydrate | 1065 | 1066 | – | – | – | 0.41 | – | – | |
Linalool | 1095 | 1095 | – | 0.14 | – | – | – | – | |
trans-Sabinene hydrate | 1098 | 1098 | – | – | – | 2.44 | – | – | |
Filifolone | 1101 | 1098 | – | – | – | – | – | 6.28 | |
α-Thujone | 1103 | 1106 | 19.88 | – | – | – | – | – | |
β-Thujone | 1112 | 1118 | 5.62 | – | – | – | – | – | |
cis-ρ-Menth-2-en-1-ol | 1118 | 1121 | – | – | – | 0.18 | – | – | |
Chrysanthenone | 1124 | 1122 | – | – | – | – | – | 32.79 | |
1-Terpineol | 1130 | 1139 | – | – | – | 0.11 | – | – | |
Camphor | 1141 | 1148 | 30.52 | 16.80 | – | – | 0.16 | 4.60 | |
cis-Chrysanthenol | 1160 | 1157 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.76 | |
Pinocarvone | 1160 | 1160 | – | 0.09 | – | – | – | – | |
Borneol | 1165 | 1163 | 2.24 | 14.84 | – | – | – | 15.11 | |
Terpinen-4-ol | 1174 | 1175 | 1.06 | 0.95 | – | 22.24 | – | 0.96 | |
α-Terpineol | 1186 | 1192 | 0.44 | 1.83 | – | 2.80 | – | – | |
trans-Dihydrocarvone | 1200 | 1201 | – | – | – | 0.11 | – | – | |
Verbenone | 1204 | 1203 | – | 2.77 | – | – | – | – | |
Pulegone | 1233 | 1245 | – | – | – | – | 0.41 | – | |
Carvone | 1239 | 1246 | – | – | – | – | 1.85 | – | |
(Z)-Anethole | 1249 | 1246 | – | – | – | – | – | 9.47 | |
Piperitone | 1249 | 1248 | – | 0.12 | – | – | – | – | |
Linalyl acetate | 1254 | 1269 | – | – | – | 0.35 | – | – | |
cis-Chrysanthenyl acetate | 1261 | 1275 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.32 | |
Bornyl acetate | 1284 | 1279 | 3.86 | 7.78 | – | – | 2.43 | ||
Sabinyl acetate | 1289 | 1278 | 0.42 | – | – | – | – | – | |
Methyl eugenol | 1403 | 1409 | – | 0.25 | – | – | – | – | |
III-Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | |||||||||
δ-Elemene | 1335 | 1347 | – | – | 6.43 | – | – | – | |
α-Copaene | 1374 | 1362 | – | – | – | – | 0.30 | – | |
β-Bourbonene | 1387 | 1388 | – | – | 3.81 | – | – | – | |
β-Elemene | 1389 | 1401 | – | – | 7.90 | – | – | – | |
cis-α-Bergamotene | 1411 | 1403 | – | – | – | – | 0.40 | – | |
Caryophyllene | 1417 | 1421 | 0.61 | 0.40 | 0.67 | 0.79 | 6.66 | 1.49 | |
trans-α-Bergamotene | 1432 | 1421 | – | – | – | – | 0.27 | – | |
γ-Elemene | 1434 | 1435 | – | – | 2.61 | – | – | – | |
α-Humulene | 1452 | 1455 | 3.38 | 0.25 | 0.87 | 0.15 | 12.02 | 0.87 | |
γ-Muurolene | 1478 | 1470 | – | – | 0.51 | – | – | ||
γ-Curcumene | 1481 | 1469 | 0.80 | – | |||||
Germacrene D | 1484 | 1482 | – | – | 1.27 | – | – | 4.44 | |
β-Selinene | 1489 | 1488 | – | – | 0.57 | – | – | – | |
Viridiflorene | 1496 | 1490 | 0.58 | – | – | 0.09 | – | – | |
Bicyclogermacrene | 1500 | 1495 | – | – | – | 0.38 | – | – | |
β-Bisabolene | 1505 | 1501 | – | – | 2.37 | – | |||
(E,E)-α-Farnesene | 1505 | 1517 | – | – | – | – | 0.51 | – | |
δ-Cadinene | 1522 | 1534 | – | – | 0.99 | – | – | 1.59 | |
α-Cadinene | 1537 | 1536 | – | – | 0.55 | – | – | – | |
Selina-3,7(11)-diene | 1545 | 1539 | – | – | 0.89 | – | – | – | |
Germacrene B | 1559 | 1555 | – | – | 0.73 | – | – | – | |
IV-Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | |||||||||
Curzerene | 1499 | 1490 | 0.37 | – | 36.36 | – | – | – | |
trans-Nerolidol | 1561 | 1565 | – | – | – | – | 0.74 | – | |
Caryophyllene oxide | 1582 | 1567 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.61 | |
Furanoeudesma-1,4-diene | 1587 | 1575 | – | – | 4.26 | – | – | – | |
Viridiflorol | 1592 | 1589 | 0.35 | – | – | – | – | – | |
Cedrol | 1600 | 1610 | – | – | – | – | 1.32 | – | |
Guaiol | 1600 | 1613 | – | – | – | – | 0.79 | – | |
Furanoeudesma-1,3-diene | 1613 | 1615 | 17.48 | ||||||
tau-Cadinol | 1638 | 1625 | – | – | – | – | – | 0.66 | |
tau-Muurolol | 1640 | 1626 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.23 | |
Lindestrene | 1649 | 1631 | – | – | 6.55 | – | – | – | |
α-Cadinol | 1652 | 1634 | – | – | – | – | – | 4.10 | |
Furanodiene | 1666 | 1652 | – | – | 1.86 | – | – | – | |
2-Hydroxyfuranodiene | 1725 | 1713 | – | – | 1.14 | – | – | – | |
V-Aliphatic alcohols, aldehydes and esters | |||||||||
1-Octen-3-ol | 974 | 985 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.83 | |
(E,Z)-2,6-Nonadienal | 1150 | 1162 | – | – | – | – | 0.34 | – | |
n-Octyl acetate | 1211 | 1205 | 1.62 | – | – | – | – | – | |
Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 21.02 | 44.84 | – | 69.60 | 69.12 | 6.16 | |||
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 4.57 | 0.65 | 27.80 | 1.41 | 23.33 | 8.39 | |||
Total Hydrocarbons | 25.59 | 45.49 | 27.80 | 71.01 | 92.45 | 14.55 | |||
Oxygenated monoterpenes | 72.06 | 54.45 | – | 28.64 | 2.42 | 73.52 | |||
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 0.72 | – | 67.65 | – | 2.85 | 7.6 | |||
Aliphatic alcohols, aldehyde and esters | 1.62 | – | – | – | 0.34 | 1.83 | |||
Total Oxygenated Compounds | 74.4 | 54.45 | 67.65 | 28.64 | 5.61 | 82.95 | |||
Total identified | 99.99% | 99.94% | 95.45% | 99.65% | 98.06% | 97.50% | |||
Yield % (v/w fresh plant) | 8.5 | 9 | 5 | 11 | 2 | 4 | |||