Fig. 2

Effects of TP1 on nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in LPS-induced Raw264.7 macrophages. The cells were pretreated with TP1 (0, 5, 15, and 25 µM), followed by treatment with LPS (0.1 µg/mL) for 24 h. a The NO level of the cell culture supernatant was measured. b, d ROS production was measured by FACS (b) and fluorescence microscopy d. c Quantitative analysis of panel b. *p < 0.05 compared with the LPS group. The data are presented as the means ± standard deviation (SD). Three independent experiments were performed, and representative data are presented