Fig. 3

Effects of TP1 on the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. The cells were pretreated with TP1 (25 µM), followed by treatment with LPS (0.1 µg/mL) for 24 h. a iNOS, b COX-2, c TNF-α, d IL-1β, and e IL-6 mRNA expression levels were measured using qRT-PCR. *p < 0.05 compared with the LPS group. The data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Three independent experiments were performed, and representative data are presented