Fig. 5

Effects of TP1 on the phosphorylation of proteins of the AKT/ NF-κB pathway. Raw264.7 macrophages were pretreated with 25 µM of TP1, followed by treatment with LPS (0.1 µg/mL) for 2 h. a AKT and (c) p65 phosphorylation levels were measured by western blot analysis. b p-AKT/β-actin and d p-p65/β-actin expression levels were quantified using ImageJ software. e p65 translocation was visualized using an immunofluorescence assay. *p < 0.05 compared with the LPS group. The data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Three independent experiments were performed. Among them, representative data are presented