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Applied Biological Chemistry
Fig. 4 | Applied Biological Chemistry

Fig. 4

From: Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo investigations of the therapeutic potential of Jeju lava seawater salt in osteoarthritis

Fig. 4

The effect of Jeju lava seawater (JLS) salt , Korean sea salt (KS), and deep ocean seawater salt (DS) on the proinflammatory cytokine-induced expression of anabolic factors in articular chondrocytes. Cells were treated with 1 ng/mL of IL-1β (a, e, i), 10 ng/mL of TNF-α (b, f, j), 100 ng/mL of IL-6 (c, g, k), and 10 ng/mL of LPS (d, h, l) in the absence or presence of JLS, KS, and DS at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5% for 24 h. Conventional RT-PCR and qRT-PCR were used to analyze the mRNA expression of Sox9, Col2a1, and Aggrecan, with Gapdh serving as the internal control. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 vs. cytokine-only treated group

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