- Review
- Published:
Salicylic Acid Signaling: Biosynthesis, Metabolism, and Crosstalk with Jasmonic Acid
Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistry volume 54, pages 501–506 (2011)
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) signaling plays an important role in local and systemic acquired resistance. Expression and activity of pathogenesis-related proteins are stimulated by the accumulation of SA, conferring resistance to pathogens. SA can be synthesized via the phenylpropanoid route or the isochorismate pathway and metabolized to form SA-glucoside and SA glucose-ester through glucosylation, and methyl salicylate through methylation. This summary focuses on genes involved in SA biosynthesis, metabolism, and signaling. SA and jasmonic acid (JA) crosstalk has an important role in regulating induced defense against pathogens by exerting antagonistic effects. Therefore, results on crosstalk between SA and JA are also shortly reviewed. Further investigation on the molecular aspect of SA and JA antagonism, elucidating how these pathways are linked to each other, and how they resolve the complexity of host-pathogen interaction will provide a better understanding on SA signaling and plant defense.
References
Cao H, Bowling SA, Gordon S, and Dong X (1994) Characterization of an Arabidopsis mutant that is nonresponsive to inducers of systemic acquired resistance. Plant Cell 6, 1583–1592.
Delaney T, Friedrich L, and Ryals J (1995) Arabidopsis signal transduction mutant defective in chemically and biologically induced resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92, 6602–6606.
Dietrich RA, Delany TP, Uknes SJ, Ward ER, Ryals JA, and Dangl JL (1994) Arabidopsis mutants simulating disease resistance response. Cell 77, 565–577.
Durner J, Shah J, and Klessig DF (1997) Salicylic acid and disease resistance in plants. Trends Plant Sci 2, 266–274.
Durrant WE and Dong X (2004) Systemic acquired resistance. Annu Rev Phytopathol 42, 185–209.
Gaffney T, Friedrich L, Vernooij B, Negrotto D, Nye G, Uknes S, Ward E, Kessmann H, and Ryals J (1993) Requirement of salicylic acid for the induction of systemic acquired resistance. Science 261, 754–756.
Greenberg JT, Guo A, Klessig DF, and Ausubel FM (1994) Programmed cell death in plants — A pathogen-triggered response activated coordinately with multiple defense funtions. Cell 77, 551–563.
Hunt M and Ryals J (1996) Systemic acquired resistance signal transduction. Crit Rev Plant Sci 15, 583–606.
Kachroo P, Shanklin J, Shah J, Whittle EJ, and Klessig DF (2001) A fatty acid desaturase modulates the activation of defense signaling pathways in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98, 9448–9453.
Koo YJ, Kim MA, Kim EH, Song JT, Jung CK, Moon JK, JH Kim, Seo HS, Song SI, Kim JK, Lee JS, Cheong JJ, and Choi YD (2007) Overexpression of salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase reduces salicylic acid-mediated pathogen resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol Biol 64, 1–15.
Koornneef A and Pieterse CMJ (2008) Cross talk in defense signaling. Plant Physiol 146, 839–844.
Lee HI, Leon J, and Raskin I (1995) Biosynthesis and metabolism of salicylic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92, 4076–4079.
Leon-Reyes A, Van der Does D, De Lange ES, Delker C, Wasternack C, Van Wees SCM, Ritsema T, and Pieterse CMJ (2010) Salicylate-mediated suppression of jasmonateresponsive gene expression in Arabidopsis is targeted downstream of the jasmonate biosynthesis pathway. Planta 232, 1423–1432.
Loake G and Grant M (2007) Salicylic acid in plant defence — the players and protagonists. Curr Opin Plant Biol 10, 466–472.
Lu H (2009) Dissection of salicylic acid-mediated defense signaling networks. Plant Signaling & Behavior 4, 713–717.
Lu H, Rate DN, Song JT, and Greenberg JT (2003) ACD6, a novel ankyrin protein, is a regulator and an effector of salicyclic acid signaling in the Arabidopsis defense response. Plant Cell 15, 2408–2420.
Melchers LS and Stuiver MH (2000) Novel genes for diseaseresistance breeding. Curr Opin Plant Biol 3, 147–152.
Pallas J, Paiva N, Lamb C, and Dixon R (1996) Tobacco plants epigenetically suppressed in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase expression do not develop systemic acquired resistance in response to infection by tobacco mosaic virus. Plant J 10, 281–293.
Petersen M, Brodersen P, Naested H, Andreasson E, Lindhart U, Johansen B, Nielsen HB, Lacy M, Austin MJ, Parker JE, Sharma SB, Klessig DF, Martienssen R, Mattsson O, Jensen AB, and Mundy J (2000) Arabidopsis MAP kinase 4 negatively regulates systemic acquired resistance. Cell 103, 1111–1120.
Pieterse CMJ, Ton J, and Van Loon LC (2001) Cross-talk between plant defense signaling pathways: boost or burden? AgBiotech Net 3, 1–8.
Punja ZK (2001) Genetic engineering of plants to enhance resistance to fungal pathogens — a review of progress and future prospects. Can J Pathol 23, 216–235.
Rate DN and Greenberg JT (2001) The Arabidopsis aberrant growth and death2 mutant shows resistance to Pseudomonas syringae and reveals a role for NPR1 in suppressing hypersensitive cell death. Plant J 27, 203–2011.
Ryals JA, Neuenschwander UH, Willitis MG, Molina A, Steiner HY, and Hunt MD (1996) Systemic Acquired Resistance. Plant Cell 8, 1809–1819.
Seo HS, Song JT, Cheong JJ, Lee YW, Lee YW, Hwang I, Lee JS, and Choi YD (2001) Jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase: A key enzyme for jasmonate-regulated plant responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98, 4788–4793.
Shah J (2003) The salicylic acid loop in plant defense. Curr Opin Plant Biol 6, 365–371.
Song JT (2006) Induction of a salicylic acid glucosyltransferase, AtSGT1, is an early disease response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Cells 22, 233–238.
Song JT, Koo YJ, Park JB, Seo YJ, Cho YJ, Seo HS, and Choi YD (2009) The expression patterns of AtBSMT1 and AtSAGT1 encoding a salicylic acid (SA) methyltransferase and a SA glucoysltransferase, respectively, in Arabidopsis plants with altered defense responses. Mol Cells 28, 105–109.
Song JT, Koo YJ, Seo HS, Kim MC, Choi YD, and Kim JH (2008) Overexpression of AtSGT1, and Arabidopsis salicylic acid glucosyltransferase, leads to increased susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae. Phytochemistry 69, 1128–1134.
Spoel SH, Koornneef A, Claessens SMC, Korzelius JP, Van Pelt JA, Mueller MJ, Buchala AJ, Metrauz JP, Brown R, Kazan K, Van Loon LC, Dong X, and Pieterse CMJ (2003) NPR1 modulates cross-talk between salicylate- and jasmonate-dependent defense pathways through a novel function in the cytosol. Plant Cell 15, 760–770.
Ward ER, Uknes SJ, Williams SC, Dincher SS, Wiederhold DL, Alexander DC, Ahl-Goy P, Metraux JP, and Ryals JA (1991) Coordinate gene activity in response to agents that induce systemic acquired resistance. Plant Cell 3, 1085–1094.
Wildermuth MC, Dewdney J, Wu G, and Ausubel FM (2001) Isochorismate synthase is required to synthesize salicylic acid for plant defence. Nature 414, 562–571.
Yalpani N, Shulaev V, and Raskin I (1993) Endogenous salicylic acid levels correlate with accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins and virus resistance in tobacco. Phytopathology 83, 702–708.
Yoshioka K, Nakashita H, Klessig DF, Yamaguchi I (2001) Probenazole induces systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis with a novel type of action. Plant J 25, 149–157.
Yu J, Gao J, Wang XY, Wei Q, Yang LF, Qiu K, and Kuai BK (2010) The pathway and regulation of salicylic acid biosynthesis in probenazole-treated Arabidopsis. J Plant Biol 53, 417–424.
Zhang Y, Xu S, Ding P, Wang D, Cheng YT, He J, Gao M, Xu F, Li Y, Zhu Z, Li X, and Zhang Y (2010) Control of salicylic acid synthesis and systemic acquired resistance by two members of a plant-specific family of transcription factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107, 18220–18225.
Zhou N, Tootle TL, Tsui F, Klessig DF, and Glazebrook J (1998) PAD4 functions upstream from salicylic acid to control defense responses in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 10, 1021–1030.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sendon, P.M., Seo, H.S. & Song, J.T. Salicylic Acid Signaling: Biosynthesis, Metabolism, and Crosstalk with Jasmonic Acid. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 54, 501–506 (2011). https://doi.org/10.3839/jksabc.2011.077
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3839/jksabc.2011.077